The majestic Himalayas, a colossal formation that began millions of years ago, continue to rise by about a centimeter each year. However, the real danger lies not in their growth but in the melting of their glaciers, posing a significant threat to India.
Scientists predict that by 2100, about 75% of the Himalayan glaciers will melt. If this happens, it could trigger massive floods, followed by severe droughts. Rivers like the Ganges, Yamuna, Brahmaputra, and Indus, which supply water to 40% of India's population, could dry up, causing an unprecedented water crisis.
Already, lakes are forming in the Himalayas due to melting glaciers. These lakes, if they burst, could flood nearby villages and cities. Between 2000 and 2020, 1.7 gigatonnes of ice melted, equivalent to two hundred trillion kilograms of ice.
The melting ice is also causing sea levels to rise, threatening coastal areas. Additionally, the loss of glaciers will disrupt the region's biodiversity. The Himalayas are home to valuable Ayurvedic herbs and cold-weather animals, all of which are at risk of disappearing.
Climate change is largely responsible for this crisis, with rising temperatures fueled by increased tourism, infrastructure development, and pollution. Even spiritual pilgrimages contribute to the problem, generating significant waste and environmental damage.
There are around 55,000 glaciers in the Himalayas. If they melt, they could cause devastating floods. The 2021 Chamoli disaster in Uttarakhand, where melting ice led to a catastrophic flood, is a stark reminder of this threat.
The melting of glaciers also poses a risk to neighboring countries. For example, Pakistan relies on the Indus River for 90% of its food production. If the Indus dries up, Pakistan will face a severe food crisis.
Glaciers store more than just ice; they also harbor microorganisms and ancient bacteria. If these organisms are released into the atmosphere, they could cause new viral outbreaks, adding another layer of danger.
Governments must act urgently to protect the Himalayas. This includes implementing sustainable tourism practices, reducing pollution, and preserving the region's biodiversity. Only by taking these steps can we mitigate the impending disaster.
